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HTO
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TCVO
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SHTO
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STCVO
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VAS score (points)
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Pre-operative
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5.9 ± 1.3
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6.0 ± 1.6
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6.3 ± 1.4
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6.9 ± 1.4
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6-month post-operative
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3.9 ± 1.4 a
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3.4 ± 1.2 a
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4.3 ± 1.1 a
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4.0 ± 1.1 a
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12-month post-operative
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2.4 ± 1.4 a,b
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2.1 ± 1.3 a,b
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3.3 ± 1.2 a,b,c
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1.9 ± 1.0 a,b
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24-month post-operative
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2.6 ± 1.5 a,b
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2.1 ± 1.2 a,b
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3.5 ± 1.4 a,e
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2.2 ± 0.9 a,b
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HSS score (points)
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Pre-operative
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70.3 ± 6.2
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65.9 ± 8.3
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67.5 ± 4.8
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63.2 ± 8.1
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6-month post-operative
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77.3 ± 4.9 a
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76.8 ± 6.5 a
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73.8 ± 2.2 a
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76.2 ± 8.6 a
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12-month post-operative
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82.7 ± 6.0 a,b
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86.2 ± 7.2 a,b
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78.6 ± 2.8 a,b,c
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85.9 ± 7.9 a,b
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24-month post-operative
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81.4 ± 6.6 a,b
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87.3 ± 7.3 a,b
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75.3 ± 3.3 a,e
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86.7 ± 7.4 a,b
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Range of movement
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Pre-operative
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Extension angle (°)
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− 3.7 ± 3.2
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− 3.6 ± 1.8
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− 3.4 ± 3.1
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− 3.4 ± 2.1
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Flexion angle (°)
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133.9 ± 9.8 d
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123.6 ± 12.6
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131.9 ± 8.2 d
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117.7 ± 12.9
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24-month post-operative
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Extension angle (°)
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− 3.0 ± 1.6
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—3.5±2.0
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− 3.0 ± 2.0
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− 3.5 ± 2.5
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Flexion angle (°)
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134.9 ± 8.1
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134.9±10.0 a
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132.9 ± 8.5
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135.3 ± 10.3 a
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- VAS Visual analog scale, HSS Hospital for Special Surgery, STCVO group / SHTO group the knee with pre-operative femorotibial angle (FTA) ≥ 185°.
- aP < 0.05 compared to that pre-operatively
- bP < 0.05 compared to that 6-month post-operatively
- cP < 0.05 compared to that 12 months after TCVO
- dP < 0.05 compared to that before TCVO
- eP < 0.05 compared to that 24 months after TCVO
